Critical Analysis of MXene Production with In‐Situ HF Forming Agents for Sustainable Manufacturing

MXenes are an emerging class of materials considered for many applications, such as sensors, catalysis, energy storage devices. The main obstacle towards their massive implementation is the synthesis requiring direct use HF etching agent. development alternative synthetic routes exploiting in-situ forming agents strategies to overcome this limitation. In study four different methods based on NH4HF2, NaF−HCl, HBF4, and NaBF4−HCl compared produce Ti3C2Tx from Ti3AlC2 application in sodium ion batteries. Three have already been reported while one here presented first time. structural analysis obtained products X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), photoelectron (XPS) analysis. All tested half-cell configuration vs. Na; charge/discharge profiles C-rate tests discussed related specific features. Overall, results reveal that MXene using HBF4 agent under mild conditions comparable both structure functional properties benchmark material, i. e., produced at 5 % concentration. Indeed, synthetized with presents lowest mean voltage potential hysteresis shows highest cycle efficiency (69.7 %), overcoming performance (67 %). This proves possibility a more sustainable route.